Table 3 I/R-induced hemodynamic changes in age-matched control, diabetic (DM), and insulin-treated diabetic (DMI) rats measured by Millar pressure-volume conductance catheter system.

Heart rate (bpm)

366 ± 12

263 ± 12*^{(P < 0.001)}

299 ± 12

End-systolic volume (μL)

253 ± 42

233 ± 35

219 ± 37

End-diastolic volume (μL)

311 ± 45

286 ± 32

279 ± 39

Maximum pressure (mmHg)

90 ± 3

71 ± 4.4*^{(P < 0.01)}

75 ± 4.4

Minimum pressure (mmHg)

2.54 ± 0.46

1.74 ± 0.4

2.86 ± 1.86

End-systolic pressure (mmHg)

87 ± 2.9

66 ± 4.9*^{(P < 0.01)}

70 ± 3.9

End-diastolic pressure (mmHg)

6.98 ± 0.92

4.9 ± 0.41*^{(P < 0.05)}

6.76 ± 2.02

Stroke volume (μL)

94 ± 13

84 ± 9.2

92 ± 9.3

Ejection fraction (%)

30.8 ± 4.53

31.3 ± 4.44

33.4 ± 3.95

Cardiac output (μL/min)

33,914 ± 4,240

22,504 ± 3,263*^{(P < 0.05)}

27,342 ± 2,848

Stroke work (mmHg*μL)

5,501 ± 914

4,031 ± 601

4,640 ± 720

Arterial elastance (mmHg/μL)

1.04 ± 0.15

0.9 ± 0.17

0.82 ± 0.07

End-systolic elastance (mmHg/μL)

0.893 ± 0.179

0.484 ± 0.071*^{(P < 0.05)}

0.822 ± 0.166

dPdt max (mmHg/sec)

4,956 ± 292

3,738 ± 298*^{(P < 0.05)}

4,523 ± 639

dPdt min (mmHg/sec)

-3,944 ± 279

-3,002 ± 414

-3,054 ± 303

P@dPdt max (mmHg)

49.53 ± 3.25

39.19 ± 2.93

42.91 ± 4.54

Tau_w (msec)

11.44 ± 0.86

16.71 ± 1.29*^{(P < 0.1)}

13.51 ± 1.45

Tau_g (msec)

14.73 ± 1.65

24.07 ± 0.92*^{(P < 0.05)}

16.62 ± 0.71^{†(P < 0.05)}