Figure 4

TLR4 ligand increased TLR4 expression and NF-κB DNA binding activity of intestinal mucosa after thermal injury. (A) LPS supplement increased TLR4 protein expression of intestinal mucosa in commensal depleted mice. * p < 0.05, vs. burn group. ^# p < 0.05, vs. commensal depletion + burn group. (B) LPS supplement increased TLR4 mRNA expression of intestinal mucosa in commensal depleted mice. The values represent the average fold increase (± s.d.) in 3 different mice of each group. * p < 0.05, vs. burn group. ^# p < 0.05, vs. commensal depletion + burn group. (C) LPS supplement increased TLR4 immunostaining of intestinal epithelial cells. (D) Commensal depletion decreased the NF-κB DNA-binding activity of intestinal mucosa and LPS supplement increased it. (n = 4). *p < 0.05, vs. burn group. * p < 0.05, vs. commensal depletion + burn group. NS = non-specific binding.