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Figure 4 | Journal of Biomedical Science

Figure 4

From: Regulation of cytokines by small RNAs during skin inflammation

Figure 4

Overview of RNA interference pathways. The RNA interference pathway is active in endogenous regulation of gene expression, in which pri-miRNAs are transcribed from the genome and processed in several steps ultimately leading to a mature miRNA which is loaded into the effector protein complex called RISC from where the guide strand of the miRNA guides RISC to mRNAs by sequence-specific target recognition. Depending on the degree of sequence similarity, RISC facilitates either translational suppression or mRNA degradation. The pathway can be exploited for sequence-specific down-regulation of a gene, by transfection of synthetic siRNAs or intracellular expression of shRNAs which are both efficiently processed by the RNAi machinery and enter the RNAi pathway.

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