GT-repeat polymorphism in the heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis related to arsenic exposure

Table 3 Association of arsenic exposure with carotid atherosclerosis by carriers and non-carriers of the class S allele in the HO-1 gene promoter.

Arsenic exposure, μg/L	Carriers of the class S allele			Non-carriers of the class S allele
Arsenic exposure, μg/L	Controls n (%)	Patients n (%)	Multivariate-adjusted OR (95% CI)	Controls n (%)	Patients n (%)	Multivariate-adjusted OR (95% CI)
Lanyang cohort ^a
≤ 10	13 (6.8)	7 (3.9)	1.0 (referent)	5 (7.7)	2 (2.8)	1.0 (referent)
10.1-50	7 (3.7)	5 (2.8)	1.57 (0.33-7.38)	3 (4.6)	4 (5.6)	8.64 (0.70-106.82)
50.1-100	66 (34.6)	64 (36.0)	2.90 (1.02-8.27)*	21 (32.3)	24 (33.3)	4.04 (0.64-25.76)
100.1-300	60 (31.4)	61 (34.3)	2.90 (1.00-8.35)*	19 (29.2)	20 (27.8)	4.47 (0.69-29.19)
> 300	45 (23.6)	41 (23.0)	2.39 (0.81-7.05)	17 (26.2)	22 (30.6)	3.97 (0.62-25.57)
Trend test			1.12 (0.91-1.38)			1.13 (0.81-1.57)
LMN cohort ^b
≤ 300	39 (32.8)	10 (12.4)	1.0 (referent)	13 (28.9)	2 (5.6)	1.0 (referent)
300-750	43 (36.1)	36 (44.4)	2.04 (0.75-5.57)	22 (48.9)	20 (55.6)	1.13 (0.16-7.95)
> 750	37 (31.1)	35 (43.2)	2.20 (0.79-6.10)	10 (22.2)	14 (38.9)	4.65 (0.66-32.94)
Trend test			1.39 (0.86-2.25)			2.65 (1.03-6.82)*

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
^a Adjusted for age, sex, logarithm triglyceride, total cholesterol, and hypertension history.
^b Adjusted for age, sex, hypertension history, and diabetes history.
Age, triglyceride, and cholesterol were defined as continuous variables in the regression models.
The class S allele denotes <27 GT repeats and L allele ≥27 GT repeats in the HO-1 gene promoter.
* p < 0.05.

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