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Figure 1 | Journal of Biomedical Science

Figure 1

From: Functional analysis of hepatitis B virus pre-s deletion variants associated with hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 1

Map of HBV pre-S region and viral genomes. (A) Functional domains within the HBV pre-S region. The pre-S region consists of the pre-S1 and pre-S2 domains. The pre-S1 domain contains 119 amino acids (used in this study) and is further divided into two parts, N half (aa 1 to 57) and C half (aa 58 to 119). The pre-S2 domain contains 55 amino acids. The pre-S domain contains multiple functions as shown. N-half of pre-S1 contains hepatocyte binding site essential for infection. C-half of pre-S1 contains a site important for dual topology of L proteins and a nucleocapsid binding site for virion morphogenesis. C-half of pre-S1 also contains S-promoter necessary for expression of S gene. Pre-S2 domain has pHSA (polymerized human serum albumin) binging site. Black triangle, myristylation at second amino acid; white triangle, N-link glycosylation at N-4 of the M protein; gray triangle, O-link glycosylation at T-37 of the M protein. (B) Plasmids encoding the wild-type (wild-type1.2) and pre-S deletion HBV genome. HBV sequence is shown by heavy line and flanking plasmid pGEM-4z sequence shown by the thin line. ORFs for pre-C (pC), C, P, pre-S1 (pS1), pre-S2 (pS2), S, and × genes are drawn as boxes. Arrows above the ORF boxes show the start sites for the pregenomic/Core (3.5 kb), pre-S1 (2.4 kb), pre-S2/S (2.1 kb), and × (0.8 kb) mRNA. Relevant endonuclease restriction sites and positions are indicated. Map of wild-type pre-S1/S2 domain is shown and the number above the map indicates the amino acid site of the defined domain. Gray box indicates the deleted region and the number in the box indicates the length of this box. The deletion of five functional sites are indicated and shown at right hand column. S, T, N, M, and P indicate 5 functional sites, S-promoter, topology, nucleocapsid binding site, the start codon of M protein, and pHSA site respectively. + and - indicate presence of deletion and absence of deletion respectively.

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