Figure 1
From: Role of carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin in bone homeostasis
The cellular and molecular mechanism by which β-cryptoxanthin (BCX) stimulates bone formation and mineralization in osteoblastic cells. BCX may bind to orphan receptors in the nucleus of osteoblastic cells, and it stimulates gene expression of bone formation-related proteins. BCX also stimulates nuclear transcriptional activity mediated through activation of protein kinase C (PKC) or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in osteoblastic cells.