Table 1 Killing efficacy for a variety of microorganisms using A 425 nm- femtosecond pulsed laser (laser exposure time = 3.6 seconds)
From: Prospects for a novel ultrashort pulsed laser technology for pathogen inactivation
Microorganism | Properties | Load reduction |
|---|---|---|
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | Enveloped, single-stranded RNA | 104 |
Influenza Virus | Enveloped, single-stranded RNA | 105 |
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) | Non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA | 103 |
Murine norovirus (MNV) | Non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA | 103 |
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) | Non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA | 103 |
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) | Non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA | 105 |
M13 bacteriophage | Non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA | 105 |
Escherichia coli | Gram negative | 104 |
Salmonella typhi | Gram negative | 105 |
Listeria monocytogenes | Gram positive | 103 |
Enterobacter Sakazakii | Gram negative | 103 |