Table 1 Inclusion/exclusion criteria

Inclusion

Patients must understand risks and benefits of the protocol and be able to give informed consent.

Patient is a self-reported non-aboriginal Taiwanese, and none of the parents and grand-parents has aboriginal background.

Patients must satisfy the diagnostic criteria of Graves disease at the time of examination.

Exclusion

Patients typical clinical features of hyperthyroidism, diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland, increased free thyroxine or triiodothyronine levels, suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone levels, positive thyrotrophin-receptor autoantibodies, and with or without antimicrosomal or antithyroglobulin antibodies.

Patient is unable to understand or give informed consent.

Patients who had pregnancy or had delivered a baby/babies within one year.