Table 1 Effects of reduced oxygen tension on SC survival

Mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Continuous hypoxia

Increased oxidative stress resistance

Ischemic hind limb/increased angiogenesis

[65]

Rat MSCs

Continuous hypoxia

Reduced apoptosis/activation of Akt, ERK, NADPH oxidase

[66]

BM-MSCs

Continuous hypoxia

Akt activation and cMET upregulation

Ischemic hind limb/increased angiogenesis

[67]

Skeletal myoblasts

Cyclic hypoxia

Improved resistance to lethal anoxia

[68]

Human MSCs

Continuous hypoxia

Infarcted swine heart/ increased cardiac contractility and angiogenesis

[69]

BM-MSCs

Anoxia

Reduced apoptosis

Diabetic cardiomyopathy/reduced remodeling

[70]

Murine MSCs

Continuous hypoxia

Increased Wnt4 expression

Ischemic hind limb/increased angiogenesis and MSC retention, proliferation, migration

[71]

Mouse BM-MSCs

Continuous hypoxia

HIF-1α-dependent CXCR4 and CXCR7 overexpression

Ischemic and reperfused kidney/ increased MSC survival, recruitment, proliferation

[72, 82]

MSCs

CoCl₂

HIF-1α-dependent CXCR4 overexpression

Acute kidney ischemia/ increased MSC retention, migration

[73]

HUVECs

Cyclic hypoxia

Increased cicloxygenase-2

[74]

MSCs

Cyclic hypoxia

HIF-1α dependent activation of Akt and miR-210 and CAP8AP2 upregulation

Infarcted heart/higher MSC survival

[76]

MSCs

Transgenic induction of miR-210

Increased CASP8AP2 expression

Infarcted heart/improved MSC grafting and cardiomyocyte protection

[77]

Endothelial cells

Continuous hypoxia

Reduced apoptosis/HIF-1α dependent miR-210 upregulation and receptor tyrosine kinase ligand Ephrin-A3 inhibition

[78]

MSCs

Cyclic hypoxia

HIF-1α-dependent Akt and miR-107 activation and PDC10 inhibition

Infarcted heart/increased MSC survival

[80]

MSCs

diazoxide

NF-kB activation

[88]

Skeletal myoblasts (SMs)

diazoxide

Prevented apoptosis/activation of Akt, bFGF, HGF, cycloxigenase-2

Infarcted rat heart/higher SM survival and increased cardiac contractility, angiogenesis

[89]