Diacylglycerol kinase as a possible therapeutic target for neuronal diseases

Table 1 Characteristics of mammalian DGK subtypes

	MW(KDa)	Localization	Enzymatic property	Function/Phenotype of KO	References
α	80	thymus, spleen> > kidny, brain (oligodendrocytes)	Ca2+, PS dependent R59022 sensitive activated by PIP3, PI(3,4)P2	T cell anergy tumor invasion insulin release	[11, 25, 33–37]
β	90	brain(CP > hip, cortex, olf) > adrenal gland > small intestine	Ca2+, PS dependent activated by PI(4,5)P2	impairment of memory impairment of memory (mania-like) severe seizure	[12, 29–31, 38, 39]
γ	88	retina, brain(Cb, hip)> > other tissues	Ca2+, PS dependent R59022 sensitive	insulin release	[13, 38]
δ	130	skeletal muscle > testis, colon	Ca2+, PS independent	type II diabetes EGF signaling, seizure	[15, 24, 28, 40, 41]
η	130-140	testis > brain, lung, spleen > heart	Ca2+ insensitive	bipolar disorder (?), Ras-Raf-MEK signaling	[16, 42–45]
κ	142	testis > spleen, pracenta,	Ca2+ insensitive	hypospadias	[20, 24]
ϵ	64	retina,brain,testis > ovary> > skeletal muscle heart	Ca2 + independent selectively for arachidonoyl DG	seizure	[14, 46]
ζ	104	thymus > brain(Cb, hip, olf)> > skeltal muscle, heart, pancreas	Ca2 + insensitive Mg2+, PS dependent	T cell anergy, cell cycle control spine maintenamce	[17, 26, 27, 33, 35, 47, 48]
ι	130	retina > brain (hip, CP, cortex, Cb, Dg)	Ca2+ insensitive	Ras GRP, Rap 1 signaling	[19, 22, 49, 50]
θ	110	brain(Cb, hip)> > small intestine, liver etc.	Ca2+ insensitive	neurotransmitter release?	[18]

Cb; cerebellum, CP: caudate putamen, Dg; dandate gyrus, hip; hippocampus, Olf; olfactory bulb.

ISSN: 1423-0127