Figure 5
Relative levels of ROS in ECs exposed to various flow patterns. (A) Steady flow (step shear stress increase from 0 to 13.5 dyn/cm2 and then maintained for 10 or 30 min), (B) Pulsatile flow (periodic variation in shear stress from 3 to 25 dyn/cm2, 1 Hz), (C) Impulse flow (step increase in shear stress from 0 to 13.5 dyn/cm2 for 3 seconds). ROS levels in ECs exposed to various flow patterns were determined by measuring the 6-carboxy-DCF (an ROS probe) fluorescence and normalized to the static control. Data represent the means ± S.E. of three experiments. # P <0.05 vs. static control. (Yu-Chih Tsai, Master’s Thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 2002).