Figure 5

Valproate and TDZD - 8 pretreatment ameliorate palmitate-induced ER stress by reducing CHOP expression. With presence or absence of 1 mM VPA or 20 μM TDZD-8 pretreatment, INS-1 cells were exposed to 0.25 mM PA for 24 h (A), 0.5 mM PA for the times indicated on the X-axis (B - C), or 0.25 mM PA for 48 h ( D ). After the treatments, the expressions of ATF4 and CHOP mRNA (A - C) and CHOP protein level (D) were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The intensity of protein bands was quantified by densitometry. Results are presented as fold change compared with control. Data are mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ^§P < 0.001.