Table 1 Baseline characteristics of CKD patients

N

240

41

75

58

66

Age, year

61.83 ± 11.61

58.84 ± 12.44

60.96 ± 10.85

62.83 ± 11.41

63.82 ± 12.57

NS

Male, n (%)

151 (62.92 %)

30 (73.17 %)

54 (72.00 %)

33 (56.90 %)

34 (51.52 %)

< 0.01

BMI, kg/m²

23.68 ± 4.14

24.23 ± 4.35

24.64 ± 4.16

22.34 ± 3.54

23.26 ± 4.12

< 0.01

Smoke history, n (%)

49 (20.42 %)

6 (14.63 %)

14 (18.67 %)

16 (27.59 %)

13 (19.70 %)

NS

MABP, mmHg

100.67 (93.00–110.83)

95.33 (90.00–104.58)

96.67 (91.67–108.33)

103.33 (93.33–113.33)

103.67 (96.67–115.83)

< 0.05

FBG, mmol/L

5.03 ± 0.84

4.81 ± 0.62

5.26 ± 0.90

4.73 ± 0.75

5.15 ± 0.89

NS

Hemoglobin, g/dl

110.45 ± 31.26

135.79 ± 28.37

126.43 ± 26.54

108.58 ± 18.46

83.89 ± 18.45

< 0.01

Albumin, g/L

37.90 (33.25–40.50)

38.00 (32.10–42.50)

37.50 (35.00–41.50)

36.25 (32.50–39.50)

36.00 (32.05–39.10)

NS

eGFR, ml/min/1.73m²

20.05 (12.43–49.32)

83.57 (71.28–108.35)

44.56 (37.72–53.52)

24.53 (19.35–26.42)

8.17 (5.84–10.52)

< 0.01

Uric acid, mmol/L

467.51 ± 133.13

354.72 ± 114.87

445.16 ± 98.76

494.32 ± 112.53

509.58 ± 157.19

< 0.01

TC, mmol/L

4.74 (4.11–5.89)

4.83 (4.17–5.69)

5.15 (4.13–6.18)

5.31 (4.27–6.36)

4.36 (3.65–5.23)

< 0.01

TG, mmol/L

1.69 (1.22–2.52)

1.75 (1.12–2.59)

1.84 (1.26–2.87)

1.78 (1.36–2.51)

1.52 (1.12–2.16)

< 0.01

LDL-C, mmol/L

3.14 (2.40–3.97)

3.24 (2.58–4.07)

3.39 (2.57–4.31)

3.22 (2.71–4.14)

2.82 (2.31–3.49)

< 0.01

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.25 (1.02–1.49)

1.36 (1.13–1.64)

1.31 (1.00–1.58)

1.23 (1.12–1.53)

1.15 (1.03–1.56)

< 0.01

Calcium, mmol/L

2.18 ± 0.28

2.22 ± 0.34

2.15 ± 0.24

2.09 ± 0.31

2.14 ± 0.25

NS

Phosphate, mmol/L

1.50 ± 0.42

1.29 ± 0.37

1.35 ± 0.44

1.54 ± 0.50

1.71 ± 0.62

< 0.01

hs-CRP, mg/L

2.24 (1.00–4.10)

1.80 (1.00–3.50)

1.84 (1.00–4.87)

2.36 (1.00–3.56)

3.64(2.03–5.84)

< 0.01

Drug use

ACEI, n (%)

97 (40.42 %)

30(73.17 %)

31 (41.33 %)

23 (39.66 %)

13 (19.70 %)

< 0.01

ARB, n (%)

81 (33.75 %)

17 (41.46 %)

28 (37.33 %)

19 (32.76 %)

17 (25.76 %)

NS

CCB, n (%)

135 (56.25 %)

10 (24.39 %)

38 (50.67 %)

32 (55.17 %)

55 (83.33 %)

< 0.01

β-blocker, n (%)

62 (25.83 %)

7 (17.07 %)

17 (22.67 %)

18 (31.03 %)

20 (30.30 %)

NS

Statin, n (%)

47 (19.58 %)

5 (12.20 %)

23 (30.67 %)

11 (18.97 %)

8 (12.12 %)

< 0.05

Phosphate binder, n (%)

58 (24.17 %)

0 (0 %)

7 (9.33 %)

13 (22.41 %)

38 (57.58 %)

< 0.01

Active VitD, n (%)

14 (5.83 %)

0 (0 %)

0 (0 %)

3 (5.17 %)

11 (16.67 %)

< 0.01