Fig. 4

TJY-16-induced cell death involves both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. a U87, T98G and U251 glioma cells were treated with 50 nM TJY-16 for 24 h and morphology was analyzed with Hoechst 33342 staining. Apoptotic cells increased after the treatment with TJY-16. b Western blotting analysis of caspase-3 activation in U87 glioma cells treated with TJY-16 (50 nM) for the indicated times. c Western blotting analysis of caspase-8 and BID activation in U87 glioma cells treated with TJY-16 (50 nM) for the indicated times. d U87 glioma cells were treated with 50 nM TJY-16 for indicated times, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured with JC-1 dye and flow cytometry. ΔΨm changes were analyzed by the ratio of the red to green JC-1 fluorescence (bottom, mean ± SEM, n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. control