ZNFs | Aliases | Role | Cancer models | Target genes | Mechanism in tumorigenesis | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZKSCAN3 | ZNF306, ZNF309 | Oncogene | Colorectal cancer | Integrin β4 ↑, VEGF ↑ | Promotes cancer cell growth, migration, angiogenesis, proteolysis | |
Multiple myeloma | Cyclin D2 ↑ | Enhances cell proliferation | [42] | |||
Prostate cancer | - | Promotes cell migration | [43] | |||
Cervical, colon, ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma | MAP1LC3B ↓, WIPI2 ↓ | Suppresses autophagy and lysosome biogenesis | [4] | |||
ZNF322A | ZNF388, ZNF489 | Oncogene | Lung cancer | - | Chromosome locus 6p22.1 is amplified | [44] |
ADD1 ↑, CCND1 ↑, p53 ↓ | Promotes cell growth, migration and invasion | [45] | ||||
ZNF304 | - | Oncogene | Colorectal | p14ARF ↓, p15INK4B ↓, p16INK4A ↓ | Suppresses tumor suppressor genes through recruiting a co-repressor complex, including DNMT1 | [48] |
Ovarian cancer | Integrin β1 ↑ | Activates Src/focal adhesion kinase and paxillin and therefore prevents anoikis | [49] | |||
ZNF139 | ZKSCAN1, ZNF36, ZSCAN33, KOX18 | Oncogene | Gastric cancer | - | Serves an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients | [50] |
Survivin ↑, x-IAP ↑, Bcl2 ↑, Caspase-3 ↓, Bax ↓ | Promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis | [51] | ||||
MMP-2 ↑, MMP-9 ↑, ICAM-1 ↑, TIMP-1 ↓ | Promotes cell migration and invasion | [52] | ||||
MDR-1/P-gp ↑, MRP1 ↑, Bcl-2 ↑, Bax ↓ | Contributes to multi-drug resistance | [53] | ||||
ZFX | ZNF926 | Oncogene | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Nanog ↑, SOX2 ↑ | Confers self-renewal properties and chemoresistance | [5] |
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | E-cadherin ↓ | May be involved in EMT | [54] | |||
Glioma, lung, oral, breast cancer | - | Promotes cell proliferation and survival | ||||
Gastric cancer | - | Promotes cell growth through up-regulating ERK-MAPK pathway | [57] | |||
Gallbladder cancer | - | Promotes proliferation, migration and invasion potentially through activation of PI3K/AKT pathway | [59] | |||
Glioblastoma | c-Myc ↑ | Promotes glioma stem cell maintenance | [61] | |||
ZEB1 | ZFHX1A, DELTAEF1 | Oncogene | Breast cancer | ESRP2 ↓ | Promotes TGF-β-induced EMT | [68] |
Glioma | - | SHP-2 up-regulates ZEB1 expression to mediate EMT, invasion and growth | [69] | |||
Cervix, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, adrenal carcinoma | E-cadherin ↓ | Down-regulates E-cadherin and cell polarity factors by recruiting co-repressor CtBP or BRG1 | ||||
Cervix, colorectal cancer | - | Activates genes involved in TGF-β/BMP signaling by recruiting p300 and P/CAF | ||||
Lung cancer | E-cadhein ↑, ST14 ↑, Vimentin ↑ | Confers EMT-related acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI | [74] | |||
Breast cancer | VEGFA ↑ | Promotes angiogenesis | [75] | |||
ZNF545 | ZFP82 | TSG | Nasopharyngeal, esophageal, lung, gastric, colon, breast cancer | - | Induces cell apoptosis by repressing ribosome biogenesis and NF-kB and AP-1 signaling | [76] |
ZNF331 | ZNF361, ZNF463 | TSG | Gastric cancer | DSTN ↓, EIF5A ↓, GARS ↓, DDX5 ↓, STAM ↓, UQCRFS1 ↓, SET ↓, ACTR3 ↓ | Inhibits cell growth, migration and invasion | [78] |
Gastrointestinal, esophageal cancer | - | Promoter hypermethylation is found in various cancer types | ||||
ZNF24 | ZNF191, Kox17 | TSG | Breast cancer | VEGF ↓ | Inhibits angiogenesis | |
Gastric cancer | - | miR940 promotes cancer migration and invasion by targeting ZNF24 | [84] | |||
ZNF668 | - | TSG | Breast cancer | - | Suppresses cell proliferation by promoting MDM2 autoubiquitination and therefore p53 stabilization | [85] |
Osteosarcoma | - | Involved in DNA repair by regulating chromatin relaxation and recruiting repair proteins to DNA lesions | [86] | |||
ZHX1 | - | TSG | Gastric cancer | - | miR-199a-3p promotes cell proliferation and suppresses apoptosis by targeting to ZHX1 | [88] |
CCND1 ↓, CCNE ↓, Bcl2 ↓, Bax ↑, cleaved Caspase-3 ↑ | Induce G1/S arrest and apoptosis | [89] | ||||
ZNF395 | PBF, HDBP2 | Oncogene | Ewing’s sarcoma, osteosarcoma, renal cell carcinoma | - | Overexpressed in various cancers | |
Glioblastoma | - | Induced under hypoxia stress | [93] | |||
Skin and cervix cancer, glioblastoma | IFIT1/ISG56 ↑, IFI44 ↑, IFI16 ↑ | Supports inflammation and cancer progression | [94] | |||
TSG | Liver cancer | - | miR-525-3p promotes cell migration and invasion by targeting ZNF395 | [95] | ||
Kaiso | ZNF348, ZBTB33 | TSG | Breast and colon cancer | CCND1 ↓ | Suppresses cell proliferation | [99] |
Oncogene | Breast cancer | Vimentin ↑, Slug ↑, ZEB1 ↑ | Involved in TGF-β-mediated metastasis | [100] | ||
Prostate cancer | miR-31 ↓ | Promotes cell migration and invasion | [101] | |||
Breast and colorectal cancer | HIF-1α ↓ | - | [102] |