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Table 1 Summary of differential roles of ZNF proteins in cancer progression

From: Zinc finger proteins in cancer progression

ZNFs

Aliases

Role

Cancer models

Target genes

Mechanism in tumorigenesis

References

ZKSCAN3

ZNF306, ZNF309

Oncogene

Colorectal cancer

Integrin β4 ↑, VEGF ↑

Promotes cancer cell growth, migration, angiogenesis, proteolysis

[40, 41]

Multiple myeloma

Cyclin D2 ↑

Enhances cell proliferation

[42]

Prostate cancer

-

Promotes cell migration

[43]

Cervical, colon, ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma

MAP1LC3B ↓, WIPI2 ↓

Suppresses autophagy and lysosome biogenesis

[4]

ZNF322A

ZNF388, ZNF489

Oncogene

Lung cancer

-

Chromosome locus 6p22.1 is amplified

[44]

ADD1 ↑, CCND1 ↑, p53 ↓

Promotes cell growth, migration and invasion

[45]

ZNF304

-

Oncogene

Colorectal

p14ARF ↓, p15INK4B ↓, p16INK4A

Suppresses tumor suppressor genes through recruiting a co-repressor complex, including DNMT1

[48]

Ovarian cancer

Integrin β1 ↑

Activates Src/focal adhesion kinase and paxillin and therefore prevents anoikis

[49]

ZNF139

ZKSCAN1, ZNF36, ZSCAN33, KOX18

Oncogene

Gastric cancer

-

Serves an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients

[50]

Survivin ↑, x-IAP ↑, Bcl2 ↑, Caspase-3 ↓, Bax ↓

Promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis

[51]

MMP-2 ↑, MMP-9 ↑, ICAM-1 ↑, TIMP-1 ↓

Promotes cell migration and invasion

[52]

MDR-1/P-gp ↑, MRP1 ↑, Bcl-2 ↑, Bax ↓

Contributes to multi-drug resistance

[53]

ZFX

ZNF926

Oncogene

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Nanog ↑, SOX2 ↑

Confers self-renewal properties and chemoresistance

[5]

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

E-cadherin ↓

May be involved in EMT

[54]

Glioma, lung, oral, breast cancer

-

Promotes cell proliferation and survival

[55, 56, 58, 60]

Gastric cancer

-

Promotes cell growth through up-regulating ERK-MAPK pathway

[57]

Gallbladder cancer

-

Promotes proliferation, migration and invasion potentially through activation of PI3K/AKT pathway

[59]

Glioblastoma

c-Myc ↑

Promotes glioma stem cell maintenance

[61]

ZEB1

ZFHX1A, DELTAEF1

Oncogene

Breast cancer

ESRP2 ↓

Promotes TGF-β-induced EMT

[68]

Glioma

-

SHP-2 up-regulates ZEB1 expression to mediate EMT, invasion and growth

[69]

Cervix, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, adrenal carcinoma

E-cadherin ↓

Down-regulates E-cadherin and cell polarity factors by recruiting co-repressor CtBP or BRG1

[70, 71]

Cervix, colorectal cancer

-

Activates genes involved in TGF-β/BMP signaling by recruiting p300 and P/CAF

[72, 73]

Lung cancer

E-cadhein ↑, ST14 ↑, Vimentin ↑

Confers EMT-related acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI

[74]

Breast cancer

VEGFA ↑

Promotes angiogenesis

[75]

ZNF545

ZFP82

TSG

Nasopharyngeal, esophageal, lung, gastric, colon, breast cancer

-

Induces cell apoptosis by repressing ribosome biogenesis and NF-kB and AP-1 signaling

[76]

ZNF331

ZNF361, ZNF463

TSG

Gastric cancer

DSTN ↓, EIF5A ↓, GARS ↓, DDX5 ↓, STAM ↓, UQCRFS1 ↓, SET ↓, ACTR3 ↓

Inhibits cell growth, migration and invasion

[78]

Gastrointestinal, esophageal cancer

-

Promoter hypermethylation is found in various cancer types

[79, 80]

ZNF24

ZNF191, Kox17

TSG

Breast cancer

VEGF ↓

Inhibits angiogenesis

[82, 83]

Gastric cancer

-

miR940 promotes cancer migration and invasion by targeting ZNF24

[84]

ZNF668

-

TSG

Breast cancer

-

Suppresses cell proliferation by promoting MDM2 autoubiquitination and therefore p53 stabilization

[85]

Osteosarcoma

-

Involved in DNA repair by regulating chromatin relaxation and recruiting repair proteins to DNA lesions

[86]

ZHX1

-

TSG

Gastric cancer

-

miR-199a-3p promotes cell proliferation and suppresses apoptosis by targeting to ZHX1

[88]

CCND1 ↓, CCNE ↓, Bcl2 ↓, Bax ↑, cleaved Caspase-3 ↑

Induce G1/S arrest and apoptosis

[89]

ZNF395

PBF, HDBP2

Oncogene

Ewing’s sarcoma, osteosarcoma, renal cell carcinoma

-

Overexpressed in various cancers

[9092]

Glioblastoma

-

Induced under hypoxia stress

[93]

Skin and cervix cancer, glioblastoma

IFIT1/ISG56 ↑, IFI44 ↑, IFI16 ↑

Supports inflammation and cancer progression

[94]

TSG

Liver cancer

-

miR-525-3p promotes cell migration and invasion by targeting ZNF395

[95]

Kaiso

ZNF348, ZBTB33

TSG

Breast and colon cancer

CCND1 ↓

Suppresses cell proliferation

[99]

Oncogene

Breast cancer

Vimentin ↑, Slug ↑, ZEB1 ↑

Involved in TGF-β-mediated metastasis

[100]

Prostate cancer

miR-31 ↓

Promotes cell migration and invasion

[101]

Breast and colorectal cancer

HIF-1α ↓

-

[102]

  1. -, target not-determined