Fig. 1

Tamoxifen induces autophagy in MDA-MB-231 cells. a, c MDA-MB-231 cells were incubated with tamoxifen (5 μM) for 12, 24 and 48 h. Cells were then harvested and lysed for the detection of LC3I/II, Beclin-1, ATG5-ATG12 complex and β-actin. b MDA-MB-231 cells were incubated with rapamycin, tamoxifen, and 3-MA for 24 h. Cells were then harvested and lysed for the detection of LC3-I/II and β-actin. d MDA-MB-231 cells were incubated with various concentrations (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 μM) for 48 h. Beclin-1, ATG5-ATG12 complex and β-actin were determined by western blotting