Skip to main content
Fig. 1 | Journal of Biomedical Science

Fig. 1

From: A phase I clinical study of immunotherapy for advanced colorectal cancers using carcinoembryonic antigen-pulsed dendritic cells mixed with tetanus toxoid and subsequent IL-2 treatment

Fig. 1

Summary of treatment procedures in this study. Enrolled patients were injected with tetanus toxoid (TT), and those with positive TT DTH responses were subjected to leukopheresis to generate DCs for vaccine preparation. Cells were cultured in GM-CSF and IL-4 to generate immature DCs (day 1, d1). After 6 days, immature DCs were collected and checked for compliance with QC requirements (d7). DC preparations passed for QC were thawed on d14 and pulsed with rhCEA for 3 h and then stimulated with TNF-α and INF-γ for 16 h to generated mature DCs. Next, 1 × 106 rhCEA-pulsed DCs were injected subcutaneously into patients on days 15, 22, 29, and 43. For the first injection, the DC vaccine was mixed with TT. One week after the last DC vaccine injection (d50), patients were subcutaneously injected with IL-2 for 3 days (d51–d53). PBMCs were collected before, during, and after DC vaccination for immune responses analysis. Patients were subjected to CT examination for clinical responses 6 weeks after the first DC vaccine injection (d57), and every 2 months afterwards until disease progression

Back to article page