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Fig. 4 | Journal of Biomedical Science

Fig. 4

From: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activation and coevolution of its εPKC-mediated phosphorylation sites

Fig. 4

Co-evolution of εPKC and phosphorylation residues in ALDH2. Shown is the amino acid (one-letter code) at the indicated position in ALDH2 from 20 different evolutionarily diverged species. Each cell represents one species. The left column depicts the amino acids at that site for the ten species that have εPKC. The right hand column depicts the amino acids at that corresponding site (determined by alignment of the whole sequence) for the ten species that do not have εPKC. In both columns, the size of the amino acid represents the frequency of the given amino acid at that site. Residues that can be phosphorylated by εPKC, serine and threonine, are colored in blue. Residues colored in red are negative amino acids, thus mimicking the phosphorylated serine and threonine. Other amino acids are colored in black. For a list of the 20 species, their phylogenetic tree and their respective amino acid residues at corresponding T187, S279 and T412, see Additional files 1 and 2

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