Fig. 2
From: Harnessing the early post-injury inflammatory responses for cardiac regeneration
Effects of prostaglandin E2 on macrophages, cardiomyocytes and cardiac progenitor cells after myocardial infarction. Ly6Chigh monocytes undergo maturation to generate M1 macrophages during the phase 1 of inflammation in the infarct area and perform phagocytosis to clean cell debris and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL1β, IL6 and IL10. Maturation of M1 macrophages is inhibited by PGE2 via the EP2/cAMP/PKA pathway. Ly6Clow monocytes undergo M2 macrophage polarization during the phase 2 of inflammation which is promoted by PGE2 through the EP(2/4)/cAMP/CREB/CRTC(2/3)/KLF4 pathway