Fig. 2

The depiction of the mathematical modeling in the conceptual world to the real world. Mathematical modeling empowers the researchers to examine the relationship between the biological processes in the real world and the predictions in the conceptual world. With the advent of high-throughput omics data, bioinformatics and mathematical modeling have become viable tools to improve our knowledge of molecular mechanism of cancer related phenomenon. It is a computational simulation that applied mathematical approaches of quantitative calculation for hundreds of components and their interactions and thus have the potential of truly explanation for complex diseases such as lung cancer. Researchers are able to systematically investigate systems perturbations, develop hypotheses to design new experiments, and ultimately predict the reliable candidates as novel therapeutic targets