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Fig. 1 | Journal of Biomedical Science

Fig. 1

From: Role of free fatty acids in endothelial dysfunction

Fig. 1

Potential mechanisms by which FFAs induce ED. FFAs mediate ED by means of several mechanisms, which might have direct/indirect effects on NO production. For example, FFAs can mediate oxidative stress and inflammation in the endothelium which can affect insulin signaling and contribute to dysregulated NO production. Activation of the RAS by FFAs can elevate the level of ET-1, which can lead to vasoconstriction. Furthermore, FFAs can also activate the apoptotic pathways which can induces apoptosis in ECs and EPCs. Several dietary/therapeutic agents can be beneficial against FFA-induced ED through activation of the eNOS or via the inhibition of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signaling (has been listed in Table 1)

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