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Fig. 1 | Journal of Biomedical Science

Fig. 1

From: Vibrio vulnificus MARTX cytotoxin causes inactivation of phagocytosis-related signaling molecules in macrophages

Fig. 1

Morphology, rigidity, F-actin organization and bacteria engulfment of the infected cells. a RAW 264.7 or HeLa cells were coincubated with the WT strain (YJ016) and the MD mutant (HL128) at MOI 10 for 90 min. The morphology of the cells was then examined under a light microscope. The engulfed bacteria (indicated by arrows) were detected under a fluorescence microscope after acridine orange-crystal violet stain. F-actin was stained by Alexa Fluor® 488 conjugated phalloidin and observed by fluorescence microscopy. Bar = 20 μm. b Rigidity of RAW 264.7 cells examined by AFM is expressed as Young’s Modulus (Pa). *: p < 0.05 and **: p < 0.01 by paired Student’s t-tests (two-tailed). n = 3

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