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Table 1 Effects of curcumin and curcumin nano-emulsion on body weight, testis weight, relative testis weight, Sperm cell concentration (×106), % of normal and abnormal sperm cells, mass motility and progressive motility % of male rats under protein deficient diet model

From: Beneficial effects of curcumin nano-emulsion on spermatogenesis and reproductive performance in male rats under protein deficient diet model: enhancement of sperm motility, conservancy of testicular tissue integrity, cell energy and seminal plasma amino acids content

Parameters

Groups

Normal

PDD

C

NCL

NCH

Initial body weight (gm)

61.1 ± 1.86

64 ± 1.83

62.6 ± 1.77

62.2 ± 1.78

60.3 ± 1.82

Final body weight (gm)

322 ± 10.51b

164 ± 5.31a

255 ± 7.92ab

177 ± 6.52a

209 ± 6.59a, b

Testis weight (gm)

1.68 ± 0.05b

0.4 ± 0.01a

1.101 ± 0.03a, b

0.53 ± 0.02a, b

0.802 ± 0.03a, b

Relative testis weight %

0.46 ± 0.01b

0.24 ± 0.01a

0.43 ± 0.01b

0.29 ± 0.01a, b

0.38 ± 0.01a, b

Sperm cell concentration × 106 /gm cauda

144.0 ± 4.38b

44.30 ± 1.29a

114.1 ± 3.42a, b

58.7 ± 1.78a, b

98.7 ± 2.86a, b

% of normal sperm cell

69.82 ± 1.29b

29.70 ± 2.3a

52.47 ± 1.75a, b

40.84 ± 0.997a, b

52.18 ± 1.65a, b

% of abnormal sperm cell

30.17 ± 1.29b

70.29 ± 2.3a

47.52 ± 1.75a, b

59.15 ± 0.997a, b

47.82 ± 1.65a, b

Mass motility (Score)

3.73 ± 0.27b

1.53 ± 0.12a

2.77 ± 0.23a, b

1.84 ± 0.24a

2.67 ± 0.26a, b

Progressive motility%

58.34 ± 1.6b

23.01 ± 0.84a

39.73 ± 0.85a, b

32.19 ± 0.59a, b

39.71 ± 1.45a, b

  1. aSignificantly different from normal control, bsignificantly different from PDD group