Beneficial effects of curcumin nano-emulsion on spermatogenesis and reproductive performance in male rats under protein deficient diet model: enhancement of sperm motility, conservancy of testicular tissue integrity, cell energy and seminal plasma amino acids content

Table 2 Effects of curcumin and curcumin nano-emulsion on seminal plasma essential and nonessential amino acids of male rats under protein deficient diet model

Parameters (seminal plasma)		Groups
Parameters (seminal plasma)		Normal	PDD	C	NCL	NCH
Essential amino acids nmol/ml	Arg	76.47 ± 0.67^b	37.59 ± 0.85^a	56.62 ± 1.104^{a, b}	46.73 ± 0.42^{a, b}	65.19 ± 1.36^{a, b}
	His	34.27 ± 0.43^b	17.93 ± 0.35^a	25.45 ± 0.61^{a, b}	21.09 ± 0.15^{a, b}	27.11 ± 0.76^{a, b}
	Isoleu	10.98 ± 0.16^b	4.67 ± 0.012^a	7.67 ± 0.12^{a, b}	5.96 ± 0.07^{a, b}	8.61 ± 0.11^{a, b}
	Leu	17.13 ± 0.20^b	8.12 ± 0.16^a	12.71 ± 0.07^{a, b}	9.61 ± 0.11^{a, b}	13.28 ± 0.28^a, b
	Lys	54.46 ± 0.24^b	27.03 ± 1.03^a	38.19 ± 0.997^{a, b}	34.39 ± 0.98^{a, b}	44.24 ± 1.16^{a, b}
	Met	23.15 ± 0.38^b	11.90 ± 0.35^a	17.02 ± 0.23^b	12.45 ± 0.66^a	17.14 ± 0.33^{a, b}
	Val	9.94 ± 0.09^b	4.413 ± 0.13^a	6.83 ± 0.2^{a, b}	5.50 ± 0.12^{a, b}	7.49 ± 0.13^{a, b}
Nonessential amino acids nmol/ml	Ala	238.8 ± 1.59^b	157.7 ± 5.77^a	234.5 ± 0.73^b	204.5 ± 2.51^{a, b}	287.8 ± 7.01^{a, b}
	Asp	863.7 ± 9.98^b	479.4 ± 7.55^a	935.9 ± 9.91^{a, b}	666.7 ± 22.03^{a, b}	939.6 ± 4.22^{a, b}
	Glu	295.6 ± 4.16^b	161.4 ± 2.84^a	296.2 ± 1.91^b	237.8 ± 1.27^{a, b}	349.6 ± 1.12^{a, b}
	Gly	553.6 ± 8.32^b	316.2 ± 7.87^a	557.0 ± 14.47^b	459.5 ± 12.23^{a, b}	588.4 ± 8.69^b
	Ser	786.5 ± 16.13^b	416.3 ± 3.12^a	657.2 ± 5.76^{a, b}	591.8 ± 4.43^{a, b}	788.1 ± 14.90^b
	Tau	6.87 ± 0.11^b	4.73 ± 0.03^a	6.64 ± 0.01^b	5.77 ± 0.13^{a, b}	7.26 ± 0.20^b
	Tyr	39.81 ± 0.82^b	22.44 ± 0.08^a	37.13 ± 0.35^b	29.44 ± 0.34^{a, b}	42.18 ± 1.16^b

^aSignificantly different from normal control, ^bsignificantly different from PDD group