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Table 2 Effects of curcumin and curcumin nano-emulsion on seminal plasma essential and nonessential amino acids of male rats under protein deficient diet model

From: Beneficial effects of curcumin nano-emulsion on spermatogenesis and reproductive performance in male rats under protein deficient diet model: enhancement of sperm motility, conservancy of testicular tissue integrity, cell energy and seminal plasma amino acids content

Parameters (seminal plasma)

Groups

Normal

PDD

C

NCL

NCH

Essential amino acids nmol/ml

Arg

76.47 ± 0.67b

37.59 ± 0.85a

56.62 ± 1.104a, b

46.73 ± 0.42a, b

65.19 ± 1.36a, b

His

34.27 ± 0.43b

17.93 ± 0.35a

25.45 ± 0.61a, b

21.09 ± 0.15a, b

27.11 ± 0.76a, b

Isoleu

10.98 ± 0.16b

4.67 ± 0.012a

7.67 ± 0.12a, b

5.96 ± 0.07a, b

8.61 ± 0.11a, b

Leu

17.13 ± 0.20b

8.12 ± 0.16a

12.71 ± 0.07a, b

9.61 ± 0.11a, b

13.28 ± 0.28a, b

Lys

54.46 ± 0.24b

27.03 ± 1.03a

38.19 ± 0.997a, b

34.39 ± 0.98a, b

44.24 ± 1.16a, b

Met

23.15 ± 0.38b

11.90 ± 0.35a

17.02 ± 0.23b

12.45 ± 0.66a

17.14 ± 0.33a, b

Val

9.94 ± 0.09b

4.413 ± 0.13a

6.83 ± 0.2a, b

5.50 ± 0.12a, b

7.49 ± 0.13a, b

Nonessential amino acids nmol/ml

Ala

238.8 ± 1.59b

157.7 ± 5.77a

234.5 ± 0.73b

204.5 ± 2.51a, b

287.8 ± 7.01a, b

Asp

863.7 ± 9.98b

479.4 ± 7.55a

935.9 ± 9.91a, b

666.7 ± 22.03a, b

939.6 ± 4.22a, b

Glu

295.6 ± 4.16b

161.4 ± 2.84a

296.2 ± 1.91b

237.8 ± 1.27a, b

349.6 ± 1.12a, b

Gly

553.6 ± 8.32b

316.2 ± 7.87a

557.0 ± 14.47b

459.5 ± 12.23a, b

588.4 ± 8.69b

Ser

786.5 ± 16.13b

416.3 ± 3.12a

657.2 ± 5.76a, b

591.8 ± 4.43a, b

788.1 ± 14.90b

Tau

6.87 ± 0.11b

4.73 ± 0.03a

6.64 ± 0.01b

5.77 ± 0.13a, b

7.26 ± 0.20b

Tyr

39.81 ± 0.82b

22.44 ± 0.08a

37.13 ± 0.35b

29.44 ± 0.34a, b

42.18 ± 1.16b

  1. aSignificantly different from normal control, bsignificantly different from PDD group