Journal of Biomedical Science

Table 4 Effects of curcumin and curcumin nano-emulsion on testes cell energy (ATP, ADP, AMP, AMP/ATP and ACE) of male rats under protein deficient diet model

From: Beneficial effects of curcumin nano-emulsion on spermatogenesis and reproductive performance in male rats under protein deficient diet model: enhancement of sperm motility, conservancy of testicular tissue integrity, cell energy and seminal plasma amino acids content

Parameters	Groups
Parameters	Normal	PDD	C	NCL	NCH
ATP (μg/g)	85.68 ± 1.91^b	19.35 ± 0.38^a	48.47 ± 0.45^{a, b}	57.56 ± 0.32^{a,m b}	64.84 ± 0.66^{a, b}
ADP (μg/g)	36.42 ± 0.66^b	6.95 ± 0.23^a	19.15 ± 0.50^a,b	23.23 ± 0.50^{a, b}	22.62 ± 0.21^{a, b}
AMP (μg/g)	26.79 ± 0.48^b	8.97 ± 0.24^a	15.94 ± 0.08^{a, b}	17.07 ± 0.52^{a, b}	17.55 ± 0.30^{a, b}
AMP/ATP	0.31 ± 0.002^b	0.46 ± 0.014^a	0.33 ± 0.007^b	0.30 ± 0.006^b	0.27 ± 0.002^{a, b}
AEC	0.70 ± 0.002^b	0.65 ± 0.012^a	0.69 ± 0.006^b	0.71 ± 0.003^b	0.73 ± 0.006^{a, b}

^aSignificantly different from normal control, ^bsignificantly different from PDD group

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