Table 1 Overview of reports stressing that AA ameliorates the neuronal differentiation from NPC progenitors
NPC models | Differentiation factors | Enhanced effects | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
Rat embryonic mesencephalic cell cultures | 200 μM AA | -Glial differentiation -Neurite growth -Dopamine neurons | [7] |
Mouse embryonic stem cells | 200 μM AA + SHH + FGF8 | -Dopamine neurons -Serotonin neurons | [8] |
Long-term basic fibroblast growth factor expanded rat mesencephalic precursors | 100 μM AA | -Dopamine neurons | [9] |
Mouse embryonic stem cells | 200 μM AA + SHH + FGF8 | -Dopamine neurons | [10] |
Nurr1-transfected rat embryonic cortical progenitors | 200 μM AA + B27 | -Dopamine neurons | [11] |
Rat embryonic cortical precursors | 200 μM AA | -Astrocyte differentiation -Neuronal differentiation and maturation | [12] |
Mouse ventral mesencephalic precursors | 200 μM AA | -Astrocyte differentiation -Dopamine neurons -Gene responses related to cell fate determination, neuron development and maturation | [13] |
bFGF/SHH-stimulated rat ventral mesencephalic precursors | 200 μM AA | -Dopamine neurons | [14] |
Rat ventral mesencephalic precursors | 200 μM AA | -Dopamine neurons -Gene responses related to dopamine neuron marker, ROS response mediators and trophic factors | [15] |
Mouse embryonic stem cells | 200 μM AA + SHH + FGF8b | -Dopamine neurons | [16] |
Rat ventral mesencephalic precursors | 100 μM AA | -Dopamine neurons -Graft survival | [17] |
Long-term expanded human fetal midbrain and cortical precursor cultures | 200 μM AA + low O2 + longer diff. time | -Neuronal yield -Dopamine neurons | [18] |