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Fig. 2 | Journal of Biomedical Science

Fig. 2

From: Annexin A2-mediated cancer progression and therapeutic resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Fig. 2

Annexin A2 (ANXA2) in therapeutic resistance. a ANXA2-coated enlargeosomes widely exist in various cell types to regulate Ca2+-dependent cell exocytosis. Enlargeosomes exocytose chemotherapeutic drugs to prevent their chemotoxic accumulation inside tumor cells, thus resulting in chemotherapeutic resistance. b The phosphorylated ANXA2 protein is imported into nuclei to protect against DNA damage by irradiation. ANXA2 also mediates the Akt protein to form the Akt-heat shock protein 27 (Akt-HSP27) complex, which ameliorates radiotoxicity-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. c When tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs) are attached to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells, the interaction between DC-SIGN and ANXA2 causes DCs to lose mature major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and release high levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10. IL-10 causes consecutive immunosuppressive responses including DC immaturity, inhibition of IL-12 synthetic, CD8+ T cell dysfunction, and regulatory T cell expansion

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