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Table 1 Prevalence of primary antibiotic resistance of H pylori by time period, stratified by WHO region

From: Toward population specific and personalized treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection

WHO region

Prevalence of primary resistance

Clarithromycin

Metronidazole

Levofloxacin

Americas region [23]

 2006–2008

11 (3–19)

26 (10–42)

N/A

 2009–2011

9 (2–15)

21 (13–33)

11 (5–16)

 2012–2016

20 (12–28)

29 (0–59)

19 (5–16)

European region [23]

 2006–2008

28 (24–32)

38 (33–43)

15 (12–18)

 2009–2011

23 (20–27)

33 (25–40)

13 (9–17)

 2012–2016

28 (25–31)

46 (34–58)

12 (8–15)

Asia-Pacific region [5]

 2006–2010

19 (16–23)

50 (44–56)

17 (13–21)

 2011–2015

21 (18–25)

45 (39–48)

27 (21–34)

  1. WHO world health organization