Personalized risk assessment for dynamic transition of gastric neoplasms

Table 1 The multifactorial effects of H. pylori infection, upper gastrointestinal disease, life style and dietary habit, genetic and epigenetic factors on the multistep progression of gastric cancer

Variables	Estimate	95% CI	References
Effect on transition from normal to CAG
Transition rate (λ₁₂₀)	0.0053	0.0051–0.0056	[10, 11]
RR of H. pylori infection	5.89	5.63–6.17	[10, 11]
RR of history of upper gastrointestinal disease	2.91	2.76–3.06	[10, 11]
Effect on transition from CAG to AG
Transition rate (λ₂₃₀)	0.7523	0.7071–0.7975	[10, 11]
RR of interleukin-1 RN VNTR polymorphism: 2/2 genotype	2.27	1.40–3.70	[14]
Effect on transition from AG to IM
Transition rate (λ₃₄₀)	0.1750	0.1640–0.1860	[10, 11]
RR of regular exercise	0.64	0.59–0.68	[10, 11]
RR of frequent fruit	0.59	0.53–0.65	[10, 11]
RR of frequent meat	2.05	1.82–2.30	[10, 11]
RR of frequent prickled food	2.37	1.86–3.02	[10, 11]
RR of frequent salty food	3.06	2.41–3.89	[10, 11]
Effect on transition from IM to GC
Transition rate (λ₄₅₀)	0.0121	0.0097–0.0145	[10, 11]
RR of p53 codon 72 polymorphism: Arg/Arg genotype	0.84	0.72–0.99	[15]
RR of E-cadherin (CHD1)-160A polymorphism: AA/CA genotype	0.81	0.67–0.99	[16]
RR of MTHFR 677 polymorphism: TT genotype	1.64	1.36–1.97	[17]
RR of microsatellite instability	3.09	2.79–3.42	[18]
RR of methylation level of LOX	2.37	2.17–2.59	[19]
RR of methylation level of p41ARC	3.72	3.29–4.21	[19]

Abbreviations: RR relative risk, CI confidence interval, CAG chronic active gastritis AG atrophic gastritis, IM intestinal metaplasia, GC gastric cancer, RR relative risk, VNTR variable number tandem repeat, MTHFR methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase

ISSN: 1423-0127