Fig. 1

(a) Tissue viability in human villous explants. Villous explants supernatants were collected and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured using the LDH Liquiform kit. Villous explants were treated with azithromycin (1000 μg/mL) (AZ), spiramycin (1000 μg/mL) (ESP) or pyrimethamine (200 μg/mL) and sulfadiazine (150 μg/mL) (PS) for 24 h and the tissue toxicity was analyzed. Two placentas were used and two independent experiments were performed in five replicates. (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Representative photomicrographs of untreated human villous explants (b), or treated with azithromycin (c), spiramycin (d) or pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine (e). Arrows indicate syncytiotrophoblast layers and M indicates mesenchymal tissue. Haematoxylin and eosin stain. Bar scale: 200 μm