Fig. 4From: Brazilian strains of Toxoplasma gondii are controlled by azithromycin and modulate cytokine production in human placental explantsMIF production by human villous explants infected with RH, ME49, TgChBrUD1 (UD1) or TgChBrUD2 (UD2) strains and treated with (a) azithromycin (1000 μg/mL) (AZ), (b) spiramycin (ESP) (1000 μg/mL) or (c) pyrimethamine (200 μg/mL) and sulfadiazine (150 μg/mL) (PS). As a control, villous explants were only infected with RH, ME49, UD1 or UD2 (Control). Supernatants were collected after 24 h of infection and the production of MIF was measured by sandwich ELISA. Four placentas were used and four independent experiments were performed at least in duplicate. *Comparison between infected villous explants and infected treated villous explants (Student’s t test, mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM), P < 0.05; #Comparison in relation to RH-infected/treated villous explants; $Comparison in relation to ME49-infected/treated villous explants; &Comparison in relation to UD1-infected/treated villous explants (ANOVA and Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test, mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM), P < 0.05)Back to article page