Table 1 Summary of the genes/signals regulated by genomic or nongenomic action of TH/THR signal axis

 Membrane receptor of TH

Integrin αvβ3

[55, 56]

 Signal transductor

Src kinase

[59]

PI3K/Akt

[7, 59, 68]

p-ERK1/2

[58, 61,62,63,64,65,66, 60, 67]

mTOR/p70S6K

[69]

eNOS

[7, 68]

 Transcriptional factor

Estrogen receptor

[62, 67]

STAT3

[64]

HIF1-α

[58, 60, 70, 69, 71]

β-catenin

[77]

 Metabolic regulator

GLUT1

[71]

PFKP

[71]

MCT 4

[71]

 Na-K-ATPase

KCNH2

[72]

 Apoptosis regulator

FOXO1

[136, 137, 176]

BCL2L11

[176]

 Transcriptional coregulator of THR

SP1

[48]

p53

[49]

Oct-1

[50]

GHF-1

[51, 52]

CTCF

[53, 54]

LCOR

[47]

 Autophagy regulator

DAPK2

[16]

Betatrophin

[26]

 Cell cycle regulator

UHRF1

[171]

STMN1

[172]

Mir-214

[173]

BC200

[174]

 Apoptosis regulator

TRAIL

[175]

 Metastatic regulator

BSSP4

[178]

LCN2

[180]

mir-130b

[177]

mir-21

[179]