Table 2 a List of putative microbes associated with sarcoidosis and detected by microbiological or proteomic methods
From: Host-microbe interactions in the pathogenesis and clinical course of sarcoidosis
| Microorganism | Detection method | Main findings | Type of sample | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C. acnes and Cutibacterium sp. | IHC with a P. acnes-specific monoclonal antibody. | C. acnes-positive reactivity in 10 (63%), of granulomas form cardiac sarcoidosis | FFPE of myocardial tissues obtained by surgery or autopsy and endomyocardial biopsy from patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (n = 26), myocarditis (n = 15), or other cardiomyopathies (n = 39) | [5] |
| IHC using monoclonal antibody against P. acnes. | Granuloma in the epiretinal membrane was observed in 4 of 10 patients with sarcoidosis, and all the granulomas were positive for PAB | Ten patients with uveitis associated with sarcoidosis | [70] | |
| IHC with a P. acnes-specific monoclonal antibody (PAB antibody). | P. acnes, identified as round bodies that reacted with the PAB antibody, were present in 10/12 samples (83%) from 9/11 patients (82%) with sarcoidosis | Eleven patients (12 eyes) with sarcoid uveitis were enrolled in this study. | [107] | |
| MALDI-IMS for propionibacterial proteins |
Sarcoidosis 7/15 Controls 1/4 | Nineteen snap frozen sarcoidosis specimens were analyzed using a MALD-IMS | [113] | |
| IHC and western blotting with PAB antibody and ribosome-bound trigger-factor protein (TIG antibody) | Small round bodies within sarcoid granulomas in 20/27 (74%) video-assisted thoracic surgery lung samples, 24/50 (48%) transbronchial lung biopsy samples, 71/81 (88%) Japanese lymph node samples, and 34/38 (89%) German lymph node samples. | FFPE samples of lungs and lymph nodes from 196 patients with sarcoidosis, and corresponding control samples from 275 patients with non-sarcoidosis diseases. | [108] | |
| Isolation of P. acnes in culture | Sarcoidosis 31/40 Controls 38/180 | Abe, 1984 [19] | ||
| mTB and Mycobacterium sp | IHC with panels of various antibodies, including antimycobacterial MAbs specific for M tuberculosis complex, for M. leprae and for cross-reactive mycobacterial antigens | Pleomorphic chromogens (PCs) structures are sites of mycobacterial degradation | 28 cases of sarcoidosis and 14 cases of malignancy associated sinus histiocytosis (series B) | |
| Microscopic identification of mTB bacilli | Tubercle bacilli found in the sarcoid phase in 18; in preceding caseating tuberculosis in 11;. | Granuloma specimens from 240 patients with tuberculosis. | [133] | |
| IHC using mTB PPD antibody was used to detect mycobacterial antigens | IHC analysis for MTB anti-PPD antibody positive for all TB patients and in 3 sarcoidosis patients (30%) | FFPE tissue specimens from granulomatous tissues of 10 patients with sarcoidosis and 12 confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis | ||
| Borrelia sp and Borrelia Burgdorferi | IHC with anti-borrelia polyclonal antibody and assessment with FFM | Using FFPE, Borrelia were detected in 127 cases of GA (80.9%). | 157 biopsies of GA | Ziemer M, 2008 [165], Germany |
| IHC with anti-borrelia polyclonal antibody and assessment FFM | 26% (13/35) were positive to Borrelia sp. 1/61 Borrelia sp. | Cutaneous sarcoidosis (skin biopsies) | Derler, 2009 [30] Austria | |
|
Dot-blot analysis (Dotblot Borrelia Kit) and ELISA assay |
15/46 Borrelia sp. 2/100 Borrelia sp. | Serum samples from 46 patients with sarcoidosis an 150 controls | Ishihara, 1998 [82] Japan | |
| ELISA and Western blot for Borrelia burgdorferi |
B. burgdorferi + in sarcoidosis 1/60 controls 27/1000 Borrelia burdorferi. | Serum samples os patients with sarcoidosis | Martens, 1997 [98] Germany | |
|
Elisa and Dot-blot analysis for Borrelia sp. |
Sarcoidosis patients 2/38 (5.3%) Borrelia sp. Control 1/80 (1.2%) Borrelia sp. |
Serum samples Mainly lung sarcoidosis | Ishihara, 1996 [81] Japan |
