Table 2 host factors involved in NPEV infection cycle
From: Recent advances on the role of host factors during non-poliovirus enteroviral infections
Human host factor: Viral Protein interaction | Role during viral infection cycle | Reference |
|---|---|---|
EV-A71 3Cpro Cleaves Ubc6e at Q219G, Q260S and Q273G | Inhibits ERAD pathway to promote viral replication | [84] |
EV-A71 2Apro Inhibits synthesis of Herp and VIMP ER proteins at translational level | ||
EV-A71 3A facilitates interaction with ACBD3 and PI4PIIIβ at replication site for formation of replication complexes | Formation of membranous structures for viral replication | |
Picornaviral 3CD protein induces PI4P and PIP2 and phosphatidylcholine synthesis during picornaviral infections | ||
hnRNP A1 relocates to cytoplasm from nucleus and binds to the stem loop II of the EV-A71 IRES | Viral protein translation: Enhanced IRES dependent viral RNA production | |
EV-A71 induces proteasome, autophagy and caspase activity cleavage of FBP2 into a positive ITAF | ||
Sam68 translocates into the cytoplasm and binds to viral IRES | ||
CV-B3, rhinovirus viral 3C protease cleaves AUF1 upon translocation to the cytoplasm | ||
MINK binds to IRES acting as an ITAF | ||
EV-A71 viral 3D RNA dependent RNA polymerase disrupts cell cycle division at S phase thus blocking entry into G2/M phase | Cell cycle arrest for efficient replication by accessing the host factors cell division machinery. | |
EV-D68 mediates synchronization of cell division at G0/G1 | ||
CV-A6 viral protein 3D and 3C disrupts cell division cycle at G0/G1 | ||
PV, CV-B, CV-B3 virus induced autophagy through 3A and 2 BC viral proteins | Formation of replication complexes for viral replication. | |
CV-B3 induces autophagosome formation without lysosome degradation in fibroblasts and BALB/C mice | ||
CV-B3 induces DRP1 initiated mitochondrial fragmentation | Virus egress through the autophagosome-bound-mitochondrion-virus complex | [161] |
EV-A71-VP1 and 2C proteins induce autophagy through localization with LC3 and MPR | Enhanced EV-A71 replication through formation of amphisome | |
EV-A71 2 BC protein interacts with SNARE, STX17, SNAP29 and LC3B proteins leading to formation of autolysosome in RD cells | Enhanced viral replication | [165] |
EV-D68 can disrupt autophagy process downstream | Promotes viral replication and egress from infected cells; promoting viral infection within the cells | [166] |
CV-B3 viral protein 3C targets cleavage of SNARE and PLEKHM1 proteins | Impairs establishment of SNARE complexes thus providing conducive environment for viral replication | [170] |
CV-B3 viral 2A protease cleaves SQSTM1/p62 a known intermediary of selective autophagy degradation of ubiquitinated proteins | Impairs NF-kB signaling and disrupts selective autophagy in infected cells to establish an efficient viral replication/infection | [173] |
CV-B3 interacts with CALCOCO2 and SQSTM1 | Targets autophagy receptors; targets mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein for degradation thus blocking establishment of antiviral state in the infected cells | [177] |