Fig. 1

RAGE and possible associated signaling pathways were elevated in STZ-induced diabetic mice and attenuated after cilostazol treatment. a, protein levels of RAGE and possible associated signaling molecules in vascular tissues in mice treated with STZ and/or cilostazol were measured by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical staining of RAGE was analyzed in the intima layer of vessels in mice from the control group (b), STZ-induced diabetes (c) and combined treatment with STZ and cilostazol (d). Western blots were independently repeated three to six times GAPDH and β-actin served as loading control