Fig. 4

Effects of HG concentration and cilostazol on A7r5 cell downstream signaling pathways. a Representative immunoblots of RAGE, p-P38, p-JNK and p-ERK expressions under treatment with HG concentration and cilostazol on A7r5 cells. The expressions were increased by HG and decreased after cilostazol treatment. b Representative immunoblots of nuclear p65 and IκBα expressions under treatment with HG concentration and cilostazol on A7r5 cells. Mannitol was used as an osmolality control. Western blots were independently repeated three times, and the representative data are shown. GAPDH served as a loading control. *, statistically significant differences, p < 0.05 by the Student’s t test. Error bars, SEM of three independent experiments