Table 1 Roles of HDACs in hemodynamics-modulated endothelial function and dysfunction
From: Atherosclerosis and flow: roles of epigenetic modulation in vascular endothelium
| Â | HDACs | Class | Localization | Affected molecule | EC dysfunction/function | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pro-atherogenic OS | HDAC-1↑ | I | Nucleus↑ | Nrf2 (deacetylation)/NQO1↓ | Oxidation | 48 |
|  |  |  | CyclinA ↑ /p21↓ | Proliferation | 48 | |
HDAC-2↑ | I | Nucleus↑ | Nrf2 (deacetylation)/NQO1↓ | Oxidation | 48 | |
|  |  |  | CyclinA ↑ /p21↓ | Proliferation | 48 | |
HDAC-3↑ | I | Nucleus↑ | Nrf2 (deacetylation)/NQO1↓ | Oxidation | 48 | |
|  |  |  | CyclinA ↑ /p21↓ | Proliferation | 48 | |
| Â | Â | Â | AKT (phosphorylation) | Survival | 42 | |
HDAC-4↑ | II | Nucleus↑ | MEF2 (deacetylation)/KLF2 ↑ VCAM ↓ | Inflammation | 48 | |
HDAC-5↑ | II | Nucleus↑ | MEF2 (deacetylation)/KLF2 ↓ VCAM↑ | Inflammation | 48 | |
HDAC-7↑ | II | Nucleus↑ | MEF2 (deacetylation)/KLF2 ↑ VCAM↓ | Inflammation | 48 | |
Atheroprotective PS | HDAC-1 | I | Nucleus/Cytosol | p53 (deacetylation)/p21↑ | Antiproliferation | 46 |
HDAC-3 | I | Nucleus/Cytosol | MEF2 (acetylation)/KLF2 ↑ VCAM↓ | Anti-inflammation | 48 | |
|  |  | ? | p53 (deacetylation)/p21↑ | Differentiation into ECs | 47 | |
HDAC-5 | II | Cytosol↑ | MEF2 (acetylation)/KLF2 ↑ VCAM↓ | Anti-inflammation | 48 | |
|  |  |  | MEF2 (acetylation)/KLF2 ↑ eNOS ↑ | NO production | 50 | |
HDAC-6↑ | II | Cytosol↑ | α-tubulin | Migration | 51 | |
HDAC-7 | II | Cytosol↑ | MEF2 (acetylation)/KLF2 ↑ VCAM↓ | Anti-inflammation | 48 | |
Sirt1↑ | III | ? | eNOS (deacetylation) | NO production | 52 |