Table 1 Clinical manifestations of EV-A71 infection at different stages
From: Enterovirus A71 neurologic complications and long-term sequelae
Stage | Diagnosis | Manifestations |
|---|---|---|
1 | HFMD, herpangina, fever | Fever, oral ulceration, vesicular rash or small erythematous maculopapular rash on the hands, the feet, the knees, or the buttocks |
2 | CNS involvement including aseptic meningitis, myoclonic jerk, encephalitis, polio-like syndrome, encephalomyelitis | Myoclonic jerk, limb weakness, lethargy, headache, vomiting, upward gaze, nystagmus, wandering eyes, seizure |
3 | Autonomic nervous system dysregulation and/or cardiopulmonary failure after CNS involvement | Tachycardia, hyperthermia, profuse sweating, transient hypertension, tachypnea, hypoxia, shock, |
4 | Convalescence | Some with complete recovery but some with long-term sequelae shown in Table 2 |