Table 2 Examination of antibacterial activity of some selected permeabilizers (phytochemicals) through agar diffusion method against certain pathogenic Gram-negative bacilli
From: Natural outer membrane permeabilizers boost antibiotic action against irradiated resistant bacteria
Permeabilizers conc. | Microorganisms | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Escherichia coli | Acinetobacter baumannii | Pseudomonas spp. | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Enterobacter spp. | |||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |
Gallic acid | |||||||||||||||
500 μg/ml | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
600 μg/ml | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
700 μg/ml | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + |
Ellagic acid | |||||||||||||||
30 μM | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
40 μM | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
50 μM | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + |
Thymol | |||||||||||||||
400 μg/ml | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
500 μg/ml | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
600 μg/ml | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | + |
Chitosan | |||||||||||||||
50 ppm | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
100 ppm | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
250 ppm | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
EDTA | |||||||||||||||
0.1 mM | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
0.5 mM | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
1 mM | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Sorbic acid | |||||||||||||||
2 mM | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
5 mM | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
10 Mm | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | + |