Fig. 2From: Beyond defense: regulation of neuronal morphogenesis and brain functions via Toll-like receptorsClassical TLR signaling pathways. MYD88 and TRIF are two major TIR domain-containing adaptors downstream of TLRs. IRFs, NF-κB and AP1 are three common downstream transcriptional factors in TLR pathways that regulate gene expression. Detailed descriptions are provided in the main textBack to article page