Fig. 2

A “white-jade” muscle phenotype in EV-A71-infected mouse strain 129. a Left panel: We coined a “white-jade” phenotype to describe the pathological changes in the color of the hindlimb muscle in EV-A71-infected mice (indicated by arrow). This phenotype showed characteristic muscle with locally whitened color in appearance and hardened tissue mass. In the saline control, tendons (not muscle) can be seen in white color. Right panel: An anatomical sketch of the hindlimb muscle. GM: gluteal muscle, QF: quadratus femoris muscle, BF: Biceps femoris muscle. b Both VP1 protein (upper) and myogenin protein (lower) were detected by IHC staining in the muscles, indicating EV-A71 infection, muscle injury and regeneration. The magnification is 200X. c Striking expression of HIF1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1-α) protein (brown color) was detected by IHC staining in the white-jaded tissue, but not in the non-white-jaded tissue from the same mouse. d Specific association between HIF1A expression and white-jaded muscle