Fig. 3

Lung cancer cells with overexpression of collagen XVII are resistant to the treatment of 2-DG and metformin in vitro and in vivo. a and b, When treated with 2-DG or metformin, lung cancer cells cultured with spheroid medium are more sensitive to the controls. c, Decreased sphere formation was noted when lung cancer cells cultured in spheroid medium were treated with 2-DG or metformin. d, When combined with cisplatin treatment, lung cancer cells cultured in spheroid culture were more sensitive to 2-DG or metformin treatment. e, In in vivo study, tumor size was significantly reduced when the mice were treated with 2-DG or metformin. f and g, Lung cancer cells with collagen XVII overexpression in monolayer culture were more sensitive to 2-DG or metformin. In contrast, cells with collagen XVII knockdown in spheroid culture are more resistant to 2-DG or metformin. h, Decreased sphere formation was noted when lung cancer cells with overexpression of collagen XVII were treated with 2-DG or metformin. i, Lung cancer cells with collagen XVII overexpression were more sensitive when treated with 2-DG or metformin in addition to cisplatin. j, In animal study, lung cancer cells with collagen XVII overexpression were injected s.c. in the back of the mice and treated with 2-DG or metformin. After 17 days, tumor size and weight were significantly decreased in the group of lung cancer cells with collagen XVII overexpression, compared to the control (CTR)