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Table 1 LncRNAs implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure

From: Expedition to the missing link: Long noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases

LncRNA

Target

Physiological/pathological impact

Mechanism involved

Mhrt [32, 33]

Brg1

Protective against pathological cardiac hypertrophy

1. Inhibit Brg1-Hdac-Parp chromatin repressor complex to prohibit initiation of Myh6-to-Myh7 switch

2. Reduce myocardin acetylation/expression via HDAC5

Chast [29]

Plekhm1

Promotes cardiac hypertrophy

Activated by NFAT signaling and downregulates Plekhm1 to induce cardiac remodeling processes

Chaer [30]

PCR2

Increases pro-hypertrophic gene expression

Interact with PCR2 to disinhibit hypertrophic gene expression

CHRF [34, 35]

1. miR-489

2. miR-93

Induces cardiac hypertrophic responses

1. Sponge miR-489 to increase expression of Myd88

2. Sponge miR-93 to disinhibit PI3K/Akt pathway

MIAT [36,37,38, 48]

1. miR-150

2. miR-93

3. miR-24

Contributing factor to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction and cardiac fibrosis

1. Sponge miR-150 to increase expression of P300

2. Sponge miR-93 to activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway via TLR4

3. Sponge anti-fibrotic miR-24

HOTAIR [40]

miR-19

Inhibiting progress of cardiac hypertrophy

Sponge miR-19 to derepress PTEN expression

lncRNA-ROR [41]

miR-133

Promoting fetal genes and cardiomyocyte growth

Sponge miR-133

MAGI1-IT1 [42]

miR-302e

Protective against cardiac hypertrophy

Sponge miR-302e to derepress DKK1 and inactivate Wnt/beta-catenin signaling

Meg3 [43]

miR-361-5p

Promotes cardiac hypertrophy

Activated by STAT3 to sponge miR-361-5p and derepress HDAC9

Plscr4 [44]

miR-214

Protective against cardiac hypertrophy

Sponge miR-214 to derepress Mfn2

SYNE1-AS1 [45]

miR-525-5p

Promoting cardiac hypertrophy

Activated by SP1 to sponge miR-525-5p to derepress SP1, forming positive feedback loop

XIST [46, 47]

1. miR-101

2. miR-330-3p

1. Regulating cardiac hypertrophy

2. Attenuating cardiac hypertrophy

1. Sponge miR-101 to derepress TLR2

2. Sponge miR-330-3p to derepress S100B