From: Ab locks for improving the selectivity and safety of antibody drugs
mAb (Brand name; Company) | Target | Physiological distribution of target antigens | Indications | Selected adverse events | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adalimumab (Humira®; Abbott)/Infliximab (Remicade®; Janssen Biotech) | TNF-α | Activated macrophages, CD4+ T cells, NK cells, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, and neurons | • Juvenilc idiopathic arthritis • Crohn’s disease • Ulcerative colitis • Rheumatoid arthritis • Ankylosing spondylitis • Psoriatic arthritis • Plaque psoriasis | • Anti-drug Ab (5%) • Increased nuclear-specific antibodies (12%) • Infections (e.g. 17% upper respiratory infection, increase 2-fold risk of tuberculosis) • Increase 2-3-fold risk of malignancies (e.g. lymphoma and lymphoproliferative disorders) • Anaemia, leukopaenia and thrombocytopaenia • Immunosuppression | |
Natalizumab (Tysabri®; Biogen) | α4 integrin | Activated endothelial cells, CD8+ T cells, leukocytes | • Multiple sclerosis | • Infusion and hypersensitivity reactions (6%) • Immunogenicity (6%) • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) (0.4%) • Immunosuppression • Hepatotoxicity | |
Rituximab (Rituxan®; Genentech) | CD20 | B cells | • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) • Rheumatoid arthritis • Wegener’s Granulomatosis) • Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) | • Infection (20%) • Hepatitis B reactivation (8.7%) • Immunosuppression • Immunogenicity • Renal toxicity • CRS • PML | |
Efalizumab (Reptiva®; Genentech) | CD11a | B and T cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils | • Plaque psoriasis | • Malignancies (1.8%) • Immune thrombocytopaenia (0.3%) • Guillain–Barré syndrome, encephalitis, meningitis • Immunosuppression • Immune haemolytic anaemia • PML | |
Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada®/Campath®; Genzyme) | CD52 | B and T cells, monocytes, dendritic cells and mature sperm cells | • Multiple sclerosis • CLL • Kidney Transplantation | • Thyroid disorders (35%) • Thrombocytopaenia (2%) • Autoimmune neutropenia, haemolytic anaemia and autoimmune kidney diseases (0.3%) • Lymphoproliferative disorders • CRS | |
Ipilimumab (Yervoy®; Bristol-Myers Squibb) | CTLA-4 | Activated T cells, Treg | • Malignant Melanoma • Renal Cell Carcinoma • Metastatic Colorectal Cancer | • Colitis (11.1%) • Severe skin reaction (6.5%) • Hormone gland problems (especially the pituitary, adrenal, and thyroid glands)(4.6%) • Enterocolitis (2.1%) • Hepatitis (1.3%) • Pneumonitis (1.22%) | [169] |
Trastuzumab (Herceptin®; Genentech) | HER2 | Cells derived from all three germ layer (e.g. epithelial cells, cardiomyocytes … ) | • Metastatic Breast Cancer • Metastatic Gastric Cancer | • Heart failure (2~7%) • Cardiotoxicity (2.6~4.5%) • Peripheral edema (5~10%) • Hypertension (4%) • Arrhythmia and palpitation (3%) | |
Muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone OKT3®; Centocor Ortho Biotech Products LP.) | CD3 | CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | • Acute allograft rejection • Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) | • Flu-like syndrome (50%) • Immunogenicity (3~61%) • Central nervous system complications (3%) • Immunosuppression and infections • CRS |