Table 2 | HALs identified extracellularly
From: Signaling in and out: long-noncoding RNAs in tumor hypoxia
LncRNA | Extracellular space identified | Cell to Cell Transfer | Functional Impact | Mechanism | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aHIF (HIF1A-AS2) | Serum (aHIF level in serum correlates with its expression in matched ectopic endometria) | Endometriotic cyst stromal cells (ECSCs)-derived exosomes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) | Elicits proangiogenic behavior in HUVECs, thus facilitating endometriosis angiogenesis. | Activates VEGF-A, VEGF-D, and b-FGF in HUVECs | [133] |
CCAT2 | Exosomes secreted from cultured glioma cells | U87-MG glioma cells to HUVECs | Promotes HUVEC angiogenesis and inhibits apoptosis induced by hypoxia | Promotes VEGF-A, TGF-β and Bcl2 expression. Inhibits BAX and caspase 3 expression | [134] |
HISLA (LINC01146) | Extracellular vesicles secreted by tumor associated fibroblasts (TAMs) | TAMs to breast cancer cells | Enhances aerobic glycolysis and apoptotic resistance of cancer cells | Stabilizes HIF-1α | [135] |
PVT1 | Exosomes secreted from cultured colon cancer cells. Cancer cells with more aggressive phenotypes have more extracellular PVT1 | Not determined | Promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. | Â | [136] |
linc-ROR | Exosomes secreted from cultured hepatocellular carcinoma cells | HCC cancer cells to cancer cells | Promotes cell survival of recipient cells | Through a miR-145–HIF-1α signaling module to increase HIF-1α expression | [87] |
UCA1 | Exosomes secreted from cultured bladder cancer cells & serum | Bladder cancer 5637 cells with high expression of UCA1 to bladder cancer UMUC2 cells with low expression of UCA1 | Promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion of recipient cells Promotes xenograft growth | Through regulating the expression of genes involved in EMT (E-cad, MMP9, vimentin) | [137] |