Table 3 Different anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action (MOA) exhibited by various nanoformulations
From: Advances in sepsis diagnosis and management: a paradigm shift towards nanotechnology
Nanosystem | Size | MOA | Key findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Peptide decorated-gold nanoparticles | 13–14 nm | Modulate endosomal pH Blockade of endosomal acidification Inhibits downstream TLR4 signalling pathways, leading to the reduction of NF-kB, IRF3 and MAPK activation | Improved the disease activity index Ameliorated colonic inflammation in vivo | [119] |
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) NP | 105–115 nm | Inhibited the activation of TLR4/ NF-κB pathway | Decreased myocardial inflammatory cytokine expression | [127] |
High-density lipoprotein-like nanoparticles | Similar to hHDL | LPS toxin scavenging and neutralizing | Decreased TLR4 signalling Inhibited inflammatory response to LPS | [124] |
Curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles | 40–80 nm | Suppressions of NF-kB activation and IkBa degradation levels | Decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1b) | [129] |
Cerium oxide nanoparticles | – | Decreased transcriptional action of ROS, iNOS, COX-2, and nuclear factor-kappa light chain, the triggered B cells (NF-kB) | Decreased hepatic damage, serum cytokines/ chemokines, and swelling indicators in vivo | [128] |
Trehalose- and glucose-derived glycoamphiphiles incorporated in Au NP | – | Interference with TLR4 activation and signalling in vitro and in vivo | Inhibited LPS-triggered IL-6 production in mice | [119] |