Table 3 Summary of factors and effects after neural stem cell transplantation in APP/PS1 Tg mice

 hNSCs

Hippocampus

hNSCs N-acetylaspartate, Glu

↑synaptic density

↑Neuronal metabolism

・Level of neurotrophic factor

・inflammatory cytokine

×

[55]

 hNSCs

Fimbria fornix

hNSC

microglial activation

↑microglia activation

↓Aβ

No change in synaptic density

No change in Choline acetytransferase

・Roles of neurotrophic factor in long-term effects.

・Anti-inflammatory cytokine

・Factors affects NSC lifespan

〇(AB42 only)

[54]

 Non-Tg B6C3 mouse embryos

Hippocampus

Synapses increase

NSC proliferation

↑ synaptophysin and growth factor

・Factor contributes to synaptogenesis.

・synapse function.

△

[56]

 Non-Tg B6C3 mouse embryos

Hippocampus

NSC

↑mitochondria ↑mitochondrial-related protein

↓mitochondrial fusion factor optic mitofusion 1&2.

・Synapsis density

・Level of neurotrophic factor

△

[57]

 Non-Tg B6C3 mouse embryos

Hippocampus

NSC

↓GFAP, Iba-1, TLR4 and TLR4 etc.

↓proinflammatory mediators

・Synaptic density

・Neurotrophic level

×

[58]

 GFP Tg C57BL/6 mice fetal forebrain

Hippocampus

CNL from NSC

↑ChAT mRNA,

↑ChAT activity

↑ACh concentration

・Inflammatory factors

×

[59]

 non-Tg B6C3 mouse

Hippocampus

NSC

↑long-term potentiation

↑neuron expressing protein

↑synaptogenesis

↑ BNDF

・Inflammatory factors

×

[60]