Table 1 Antivirals targeting the enteroviral proteins evaluated in clinical trials

Capsid binders

 Disoxaril

EV-B, C, D70, RV-A, B

nM-μM

The clinical studies were halted due to the appearance of crystalluria in healthy individuals

[33, 44]

 Pleconaril

EV-B, C, D68, RV-A, B

nM-μM

FDA application for RV colds rejected due to safety concerns

[29]

 Pirodavir

EV-A, B, C, D, RV-A, B

pM-nM

No clinical benefit in treating RV colds

[35, 45]

 Vapendavir

EV-A71, C, D68, RV-A, B

nM

Failed to reduced asthma exacerbations in a phase II clinical trial

[46]

 Pocapavir

EV-B, C

nM

Accelerated the clearance of monovalent oral PV1 vaccine in healthy adults

[31, 32, 38]

3C protease inhibitors

 Rupintrivir

All

nM

Failed to show significant beneficial effects in clinical trials for RV common colds

[39, 47]

 AG7404

EV-A, B, C, D, RV-A, B

nM-μM

Failed to show significant beneficial effects in clinical trials for RV common colds

[40, 48]

3A and/or 3AB inhibitor

 Enviroxime

EV-A, B, C, D, RV-A, B

nM-μM

Clinical development was discontinued due to insufficient therapeutic effects and gastrointestinal side effects

[41, 43, 44]