From: Targeting necroptosis as therapeutic potential in chronic myocardial infarction
Study model | Methods | Necroptosis | Apoptosis | Autophagy | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H9c2 cells | OGD for 24 h (16% CO2, < 0.1% O2) | ↑ (3 h) ↓ (after 3 h) | ↑ (6 h) ↓ (after 6 h) | ↑ (3 h) ↓ (after 3 h) | [29] | |
H9c2 cells | OGD for 24 h (5% CO2, 94% N2, 1% O2) | ↑ | N/A | ↓ | [34] | |
 | OGD for 24 h (5% CO2, 94% N2, 1% O2)  + Alliin: 25, 100, 200 μg/ml (pre-treatment) | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ |  | |
H9c2 cells | OGD for 24 h (5% CO2, 94% N2, 1% O2) | ↑ | N/A | ↑ (3 h) ↓ (after 6 h) | [21] | |
 | OGD + RIPK3 overexpression | ↑ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | OGD + RIPK3 knockdown | ↓ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | OGD + Beclin1 overexpression | ↓ | N/A | ↑ |  | |
 | OGD + Beclin1 knockdown | ↑ | N/A | ↓ |  | |
NRVCM cells | TNFα + zVAD | ↑ | N/A | N/A | [33] | |
MEFs cells | TNFα + Traf2−/− | ↑ | N/A | N/A | [30] | |
 | TNFα + shTraf2 | ↑ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | TNFα + shTraf2 + zVAD | ↔ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | TNFα + shTraf2 + Nec-1 | ↓ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | TNFα + Ad-Traf2WT | ↓ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | TNFα + Ad-Traf2ΔR | ↑ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | TNFα + Ad-Traf2ΔR + zVAD | ↔ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | TNFα + Ad-Traf2ΔR + zVAD + Ad-shTRADD | ↓ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | TNFα + AdTraf2ΔR + Ad-TAK1ΔN + zVAD | ↓ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | TNFα + AdTraf2ΔR + AdshRIPK3 + zVAD | ↓ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | TNFα + AdTraf2ΔR + shMLKL + zVAD | ↓ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | TNFα + Traf2−/− + zVAD | ↔ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | TNFα + Traf2−/− + Nec-1 | ↓ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | TNFα + Ad-Traf2ΔR + Nec1 | ↓ | N/A | N/A |  | |
Isolated cardiomyocytes | Hypoxic conditions for 72 h (95% N2, 5% CO2, 0% O2) | ↑ | N/A | N/A | [31] | |
 | Hypoxic conditions + agomiR-325-3p  + Z-IETD-FMK | ↑ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | Hypoxic conditions + antagomiR-325-3p  + Z-IETD-FMK | ↑ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | Hypoxic conditions + siRIPK3 + agomiR  + Z-IETD- FMK | ↑ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | Hypoxic conditions + siRIPK3 + antagomir  + Z-IETD-FMK | ↔ | N/A | N/A |  | |
Cardiac myofibroblasts | sCD74 (0, 0.04, 0.16, 8, 16, 40 nmol/L) + rMIF (8 nmol/L) for 24 h | ↑ | ↔ | N/A | [77] | |
SD rats | Permanent LAD ligation for 4 weeks | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | [29] | |
C57BL/6 mice | Permanent LAD ligation for 2 weeks | ↑ | ↑ | N/A | [34] | |
 | Permanent LAD ligation for 2 weeks  + Alliin: 100 mg/kg IP for 7 days (pre-treatment) | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ |  | |
RIPK3−/− mice | Permanent LAD ligation for 4 weeks | ↓ | N/A | N/A | [33] | |
C57BL/6 mice | Permanent LAD ligation for 12 weeks | ↑ | N/A | ↑ (1–3 day) ↓ (after 1 week) | [21] | |
 | Permanent LAD ligation for 12 weeks + RIPK3 knockdown | ↓ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | Permanent LAD ligation for 12 weeks + RIPK3 overexpression | ↑ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | Permanent LAD ligation for 12 weeks + Beclin1 knockdown | ↑ | N/A | ↓ |  | |
 | Permanent LAD ligation for 12 weeks + Beclin1 overexpression | ↓ | N/A | ↑ |  | |
C57BL/6 J mice | Permanent LAD ligation | ↑ | ↑ | N/A | [31] | |
 | Permanent LAD ligation + Antagomir- 325-3p | ↑ | ↑ | N/A |  | |
 | Permanent LAD ligation + AgomiR- 325-3p | ↓ | ↓ | N/A |  | |
Genetically modified mouse models | Traf2fl/fl-αMHC-Cre | ↑ | ↑ | N/A | [30] | |
 | Traf2fl/fl- βMHC-Cre (Traf2 deficient) | ↑ | N/A | N/A |  | |
 | RIPK3−/− + Traf2fl/fl-αMHC-Cre | ↓ | ↑ | N/A |  | |
 | Permanent LAD ligation for 2 weeks + Traf2fl/ + αMHC-Cre | ↑ | ↑ | N/A |  | |
CAD patients | Plasma/serum collected from patient (SCAD, UA, MI) | ↑ | N/A | N/A | [26] | |
Patients with HF | Peripheral venous blood samples | ↑ | N/A | N/A | [38] | |
Patients with HF | LV samples (CAD) | ↑ | ↔ | N/A | [64] | |
 | LV samples (DCM) | ↑ | ↔ | N/A |  | |
Patients with HF | LV samples (CAD and DCM) | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | [63] |