Fig. 5

Upstream modulators of RhoA signaling in cardiomyocytes. In recent years these upstream modulators and (direct) interaction partners of RhoA in the context of cardiac hypertrophy have been found: Myozap can promote RhoA activation and downstream effector signaling via Dysbindin activation, Rnd1-activation, and blocking of the RhoA-inhibitor (GTP-dissociation inhibitor) MIRP. PKC can promote RhoA-activation via inhibition of the RhoA GTP-dissociation inhibitor RhoGDIα